EN
The formation of wrinkles is a complex process involving multiple factors, including changes in skin structure, external environmental influences, and lifestyle habits.
1. Endogenous aging (natural aging)
Decrease in collagen and elastic fibers: With age, the synthesis of collagen (about 1% less per year) and elastic fibers in the dermis decreases, and degradation increases, leading to decreased skin elasticity and sagging.
Slowed cell renewal: The regeneration cycle of epidermal cells is prolonged, the stratum corneum becomes thinner, the skin repair ability is weakened, and the loss of subcutaneous fat exacerbates skin depression.
2. Exogenous aging
Photoaging (ultraviolet damage):
UVA/UVB effects: UVA penetrates deep into the dermis to destroy collagen and elastic fibers, triggering free radical oxidative stress; UVB damages epidermal cells and indirectly affects the dermal structure.
Activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): UV-induced enzyme overexpression accelerates collagen degradation.
Environmental pollution and oxidative stress: External pollutants (such as PM2.5) and free radicals attack skin cells, exacerbating inflammation and aging.
3. Dynamic and static wrinkle mechanisms
Dynamic wrinkles: Frequent facial expressions (such as frowning and smiling) cause repeated muscle contraction, and skin folds to form temporary lines (such as crow's feet). Long-term muscle movement damages the dermis structure, and dynamic lines turn into static lines.
Static wrinkles: Permanent wrinkles that are still visible when there is no expression after the skin loses its elasticity, and are common around the eyes and forehead.
4. Skin dryness and structural changes
Epidermal dehydration: Insufficient moisture in the stratum corneum causes temporary fine lines. Long-term dryness may weaken the skin barrier and accelerate dermal damage.
Hyaluronic acid reduction: The natural moisturizing factor in the dermis is lost, the skin volume decreases, and wrinkles appear more aggravated.
5. Lifestyle factors
Smoking and drinking: Nicotine constricts blood vessels and reduces the supply of nutrients to the skin; alcohol causes dehydration and accelerates collagen loss.
Sleep and diet: Lack of sleep hinders skin repair at night; high-sugar diet triggers glycation reactions, causing collagen to cross-link and harden.
6. Gravity and fat distribution
Skin sagging: After the dermal support structure weakens, the facial tissue sags under the action of gravity, forming nasolabial folds, marionette lines, etc.
Atrophy of the fat layer: The reduction of subcutaneous fat causes the skin to lose support, forming sunken wrinkles.
7. Genetics and individual differences
Genes determine collagen type, antioxidant capacity, etc., which affect the time and degree of individual wrinkles.
8. Intervention and prevention strategies
Sunscreen: Broad-spectrum sunscreen resists UVA/UVB and reduces photoaging.
Skin care Products: Retinol promotes collagen synthesis; antioxidants (such as vitamin C) neutralize free radicals.
Medical beauty methods: Botox relaxes muscles and reduces dynamic lines; fillers replenish volume; laser stimulates collagen regeneration.
